رابطه‌ی متقابل نوآوری و استانداردسازی: بررسی رابطه‌ی آن‌ها در کشورهای درحال توسعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت تکنولوژی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت تکنولوژی، دانشگاه مالک اشتر، تهران، ایران

3 دانش آموخته ی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت شهری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

ادبیات درحال رشد، رابطه‌ی متقابل مثبت بین نوآوری و استانداردسازی را تأیید می‌کند. سازمان‌های بین‌المللی نیز مانند OECD و WTO از کشورهای درحال توسعه برای ایجاد توانمندی‌های نوآوری و استانداردسازی پشتیبانی می‌کنند. با این حال رابطه‌ی بین نوآوری و استانداردسازی در کشورهای درحال توسعه که از نظر ظرفیت‌های فناورانه، اقتصادی و نهادی نسبتاً ضعیف‌تر هستند، هنوز در دست پژوهش است. 63 مقاله‌ی مستخرج از پایگاه‌داده‌ی علمی وب که رابطه‌ی استانداردسازی- نوآوری را در بافتار کشورهای درحال توسعه پوشش می‌دهند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. این موضوع که چگونه ارتباط بین نوآوری و استانداردسازی، پیامدهایی برای توسعه‌ی اجتماعی و اقتصادی در کشورهای درحال توسعه فراهم می‌آورد، بحث شده و یک مدل مفهومی برای درک پویایی‌ آن ترسیم می‌شود. نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان می‌دهد که استانداردها، نوآوری را به سه روش تسهیل می‌کنند: نوآوری از طریق مقیاس‌پذیری4، اثبات5 و هماهنگ‌کردن6. درحالی‌که سازوکارهای محرک و مانع نقش ایفا می‌کنند، ذی‌نفعان مختلفی درگیر این رابطه هستند. در این بین، نقش‌های دولت و سازمان‌های حامی فناوری/ صنعت برجسته شده ‌است، زیرا آن‌ها توانمندی‌های نسبتاً ضعیف فناورانه‌‌ی سایر نقش‌آفرینان را کامل می‌کنند. در برابر ادبیات موجود در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته که در آن‌ها استانداردسازی به‌عنوان فرایندی پویا برای شکل‌دهی به مسیر نوآوری ترسیم شده ‌است، بحث حاضر درخصوص کشورهای درحال توسعه، نسبت‌به جنبه‌های پذیرش استانداردها گرایش دارد. همچنین، اشاره می‌شود که شکافی بین اهداف رشد اقتصادی و توسعه‌ی اجتماعی وجود دارد.

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