تحلیل کمی چالشهای پیاده سازی زنجیره تامین دیجیتال مبتنی بر فناوری اینترنت اشیا (زنجیره تامین 4.0)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی صنایع دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی

2 گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده‌ی مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 پژوهشکده توسعه و برنامه‌ریزی جهاد دانشگاهی، تبریز، ایران

4 گروه مهندسی صنایع دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات

10.22034/jsqm.2022.314683.1380

چکیده

در طول سی‌سال گذشته، لجستیک دستخوش تغییر عظیمی شده است و از یک عملکرد صرفاً عملیاتی که به فروش یا تولید منتهی می‌شد و بر تضمین تأمین در خطوط تولید و تحویل به مشتریان متمرکز بود، با همراهی فناوری‌های تحول‌آفرین و هوشمند به یک عملگر حرفه‌ای و مستقل در مدیریت زنجیره تأمین تبدیل شده است. در دنیای امروزی نسل چهارم صنعتی شرکت‌ها را ملزم کرده است تا در نحوه طراحی زنجیره تأمین خود تجدیدنظر کنند. در این حالت، علاوه بر نیاز به انطباق، زنجیره‌های تأمین همچنین این فرصت را دارند که به افق اثربخشی عملیاتی برسند، از مدل‌های تجاری زنجیره تأمین دیجیتال در حال ظهور استفاده کنند و شرکت را به زنجیره تأمین دیجیتال تبدیل کنند. یکی از فناوری‌های تحول‌آفرین که در این راستا تأثیر شگرفی بر زنجیره تأمین داشته است، فناوری اینترنت اشیا می‌باشد. این فناوری به‌عنوان یکی از بزرگ‌ترین منابع تولید داده‌ها می‌توانند تسهیل‌کننده فرایندهای زنجیره تأمین در همه ابعاد آن باشد. اما به‌واسطه حضور اینترنت و قرارگرفتن اجزا زنجیره تأمین در بستر شبکه‌های اطلاعاتی، همواره این زنجیره تأمین دیجیتال با چالش‌های اساسی روبر می‌باشد. ازاین‌رو در این مقاله کوشیده شد تا مهم‌ترین چالش‌های پیاده‌سازی یک زنجیره تأمین 4.0 با استفاده از یک روش تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی غیرخطی مورد بررسی و اولویت‌بندی قرار گیرد. به‌منظور بررسی این چالش‌ها از نظرات خبرگان فعال در زنجیره تأمین صنایع تند مصرف (FMCG) به‌عنوان مطالعه موردی و همین‌طور برخی از متخصصان دانشگاهی بهره گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داده که عدم وجود زیرساخت‌های تکنولوژیکی و چالش‌های امنیتی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های پیاده‌سازی زنجیره تأمین 4.0 در عصر تحولات دیجیتالی می‌باشند که باید برای یک پیاده‌سازی موفق توجه ویژه‌ای بدان‌ها داشت.

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